{"id":2867,"date":"2022-11-21T16:48:41","date_gmt":"2022-11-21T15:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/licencek.com\/?p=2867"},"modified":"2022-11-21T16:48:41","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T15:48:41","slug":"coupe-du-monde-au-qatar-la-partie-immergee-et-tres-carbonee-de-liceberg-une-etude-greenly-reevalue-son-impact-carbone-a-la-hausse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/licencek.com\/en\/2022\/11\/21\/coupe-du-monde-au-qatar-la-partie-immergee-et-tres-carbonee-de-liceberg-une-etude-greenly-reevalue-son-impact-carbone-a-la-hausse\/","title":{"rendered":"Coupe du monde au Qatar, la partie immerg\u00e9e (et tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9e) de l’iceberg : une \u00e9tude Greenly r\u00e9\u00e9value son impact carbone \u00e0 la hausse"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La FIFA a annonc\u00e9 que la prochaine Coupe du monde au Qatar produirait au total 3,6 millions\u00a0de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2. Pourtant, des zones d’ombre demeurent. D’apr\u00e8s l’ONG Carbon\u00a0Market Watch, l’empreinte carbone de cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement sera 5 fois plus importante qu’annonc\u00e9\u00a0(18 millions de tonnes CO2e). La climate tech Greenly, sp\u00e9cialiste du bilan carbone, a enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00a0afin d’\u00e9tablir l’impact r\u00e9el de ce Mondial si controvers\u00e9.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s son rapport<\/a>, la FIFA estime que le bilan carbone total de la Coupe du monde au Qatar\u00a0s’\u00e9l\u00e8vera \u00e0 3,6 M de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2. C\u2019est peu ou prou ce que produit un pays comme\u00a0l\u2019Islande sur une ann\u00e9e compl\u00e8te. C\u2019est aussi le bilan carbone des JO de Rio en 2016. Pour Greenly,\u00a0sp\u00e9cialiste du bilan carbone, ce chiffre est cependant largement sous-estim\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le bilan carbone sous-estim\u00e9 des infrastructures<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au total, huit enceintes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9vues pour la Coupe du monde, dont une seule existait auparavant : le Khalifa International Stadium, construit en 1976 – seul stade non climatis\u00e9 de la comp\u00e9tition. Une autre infrastructure, elle, sera enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9mont\u00e9e \u00e0 l’issue de la comp\u00e9tition. La construction des 6 nouveaux stades permanents aurait ainsi g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une empreinte carbone 8 fois sup\u00e9rieure auxannonces de la FIFA, selon Carbon Market Watch. Au total, 1,6 millions de tonnes de CO2e contre les 200 000 \u00e9tablis en partant du principe que les stades seraient exploit\u00e9s sur 60 ans de comp\u00e9titions sportives. M\u00eame si le syst\u00e8me de climatisation mis en place s\u2019av\u00e8re 40% moins \u00e9nergivore – car aliment\u00e9 via l\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire – ces stades \u00e0 ciel ouvert ne pourront par ailleurs \u00eatre refroidis qu’au prix d’une d\u00e9pense \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique consid\u00e9rable (difficilement chiffrable, elle aussi). En tout \u00e9tat de cause, le syst\u00e8me de climatisation a saut\u00e9 d\u00e8s le jour du match test, le 9 septembre dernier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En outre, pour accompagner cet essor, de multiples chantiers p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques, tels que des axes routiers, de nouveaux h\u00f4tels (dont plusieurs de luxe), des complexes commerciaux et des parcs d\u2019attraction ont vu le jour. S\u2019il est difficile de quantifier l\u2019empreinte carbone de ces chantiers et de la d\u00e9pense \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique li\u00e9e \u00e0 leur exploitation en l’absence de donn\u00e9es pr\u00e9cises, on sait en revanche<\/p>\n\n\n\n

que le secteur de la construction est l’un des plus polluants. En 2014, il pesait \u00e0 lui seul 6 % de l’empreinte carbone mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le poids carbon\u00e9 du transport et de l\u2019h\u00e9bergement<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D’apr\u00e8s les calculs r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par Greenly, le transport a\u00e9rien des 1,2 millions de supporters jusqu’aux pays du Golfe Arabo-persique pourrait peser aux alentours de 2,4 millions de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2. Ce \u00e0 quoi s’ajouteraient les 160 navettes quotidiennes par avion entre Doha et ses voisins – soit 1 avion toutes les 10 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En admettant que ces vols soient effectu\u00e9s avec des Airbus A320 dot\u00e9s d\u2019une capacit\u00e9 de 150 passagers et remplis \u00e0 100 % de leur capacit\u00e9 (la moyenne d\u2019un vol traditionnel), 160 allers-retours entre Doha et Duba\u00ef \u00e9quivaudraient \u00e0 3740 tonnes de CO2e. Remplis \u00e0 75 %, ils p\u00e8seraient 4980 tonnes de CO2e (puisque 213 allers-retours seraient alors n\u00e9cessaires pour transporter le m\u00eame nombre de passagers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, qu\u2019en est-il pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment du transport aller-retour des 32 d\u00e9l\u00e9gations attendues pour cette Coupe du monde, notamment si ces derni\u00e8res privil\u00e9gient l’usage des jets priv\u00e9s plut\u00f4t que des avions de ligne \u00ab\u00a0classiques\u00a0\u00bb ? Pour rappel, un jet priv\u00e9 \u00e9met en moyenne 5 \u00e0 14 fois plus de CO2 qu\u2019un avion de ligne \u201cclassique\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019invisible pollution num\u00e9rique<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Coupe au Qatar r\u00e9unira environ 3,2 milliards de t\u00e9l\u00e9spectateurs, un chiffre du m\u00eame ordre de grandeur que celui de la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente Coupe du monde en Russie en 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon le rapport de la FIFA<\/a>, cette derni\u00e8re avait alors comptabilis\u00e9 plus de 34,66 milliards d\u2019heures de\u00a0visionnage. Or, il est important de souligner que la production \u00e9lectrique n\u00e9cessaire au\u00a0fonctionnement des t\u00e9l\u00e9viseurs est elle aussi source d’\u00e9missions de CO2, lorsqu’elle implique le\u00a0recours aux \u00e9nergies fossiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon Total Energies<\/a>, la consommation \u00e9lectrique moyenne d\u2019une t\u00e9l\u00e9vision LCD est de 0,1 kWh par\u00a0heure de visionnage, quand la moyenne mondiale de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 carbone de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, elle, est de\u00a0475 gCO2e\/kWh. Greenly estime ainsi que l\u2019empreinte carbone de la retransmission des matchs se\u00a0situera aux alentours de 1 \u00e0 2 millions de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2 \u00e0 elle seule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cL\u2019ensemble de ces estimations n\u2019est pas \u00e0 prendre au pied de la lettre. Leur ordre de grandeur nous<\/em> permet cependant de constater \u00e0 quel point les chiffres annonc\u00e9s par le Qatar sont en-de\u00e7\u00e0 de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/em>\u201d, estime Alexis Normand, CEO et co-fondateur de Greenly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une Coupe du monde loin d\u2019\u00eatre neutre en carbone<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette Coupe du monde est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme la premi\u00e8re neutre en carbone. Quand bien m\u00eame le montant des \u00e9missions de CO2 annonc\u00e9es est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 ceux des \u00e9ditions russes et br\u00e9siliennes – respectivement de 2 millions de tonnes de CO2 chacune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Qatar compte ainsi compenser ses \u00e9missions en achetant des cr\u00e9dits carbone. Or, \u00e0 un mois de la comp\u00e9tition, seuls trois projets de compensation carbone ont \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9s. Autrement dit, 5% de l\u2019objectif affich\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour faire valider la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 des projets, le Qatar a eu recours au Global Carbon Council, une instance non ind\u00e9pendante et non reconnue \u00e0 l\u2019international, ayant des crit\u00e8res diff\u00e9rents de ceux des autres syst\u00e8mes existants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quoiqu\u2019il en soit, m\u00eame si le Qatar ach\u00e8te 3,6 millions de cr\u00e9dits carbone, cela sera a priori insuffisant puisque le bilan carbone de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement demeure largement sous-estim\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexis Normand conclut <\/strong>: \u00ab\u00a0Il est impossible d’estimer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l’empreinte carbone de la Coupe<\/em> du monde au Qatar. Pourtant, avec nos seules estimations \u00ab\u00a0au bas mot\u00a0\u00bb, nous avoisinons d’ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 les 6 millions de tonnes de CO2e, soit presque le double des \u00e9missions annonc\u00e9es par le Qatar. Sur le volet \u00e9cologique, le principal reproche que l\u2019on peut formuler r\u00e9side dans l\u2019irrationalit\u00e9 de latenue d\u2019un tel \u00e9v\u00e9nement dans un pays dont le climat est inadapt\u00e9, qui ne disposait pas des infrastructures requises – car inutiles en temps normal – ni de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 un tel afflux de spectateurs<\/em>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 propos de Greenly<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr\u00e9\u00e9e en octobre 2019 par Alexis Normand (DG, ex-Directeur sant\u00e9 de Withings, HEC, Sciences-Po,\u00a0pass\u00e9 par le bureau de Boston de Withings et Techstars), Matthieu Vegreville (CTO, X-Telecom, data\u00a0scientist chez Withings) et Arnaud Delubac (CMO, ESSEC-Centrale, INSEE, pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment charg\u00e9\u00a0de communication digitale au cabinet du premier ministre), la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Offspend SAS, a lanc\u00e9 en\u00a0janvier 2020\u00a0Greenly<\/a>, premi\u00e8re plateforme mondiale de comptabilit\u00e9 carbone avec pr\u00e8s de 1000\u00a0clients entreprises en France, UK et USA. La climate tech permet aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 toutes les entreprises,\u00a0peu importent leur taille ou secteur, de contribuer \u00e0 la lutte contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, en\u00a0commen\u00e7ant par mesurer simplement leurs \u00e9missions de CO2. Une fois le bilan r\u00e9alis\u00e9, Greenly lesaccompagne dans la d\u00e9finition d\u2019une feuille de route pour les aider \u00e0 s\u2019aligner sur une trajectoire Net\u00a0Z\u00e9ro. Greenly a obtenu le label B-Corp en septembre 2022 et entend mettre \u00e0 disposition son\u00a0expertise \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour plus d’informations merci de visiter le site https:\/\/www.greenly.earth\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suivez Greenly sur Twitter : @Greenly, Linkedin et Instagram<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La FIFA a annonc\u00e9 que la prochaine Coupe du monde au Qatar produirait au total 3,6 millions\u00a0de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2. Pourtant, des zones d’ombre demeurent. D’apr\u00e8s l’ONG Carbon\u00a0Market Watch, l’empreinte carbone de cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement sera 5 fois plus importante qu’annonc\u00e9\u00a0(18 millions de tonnes CO2e). La climate tech Greenly, sp\u00e9cialiste du bilan carbone, a enqu\u00eat\u00e9\u00a0afin d’\u00e9tablir l’impact r\u00e9el de ce Mondial si controvers\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"yoast_head":"\nCoupe du monde au Qatar, la partie immerg\u00e9e (et tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9e) de l'iceberg : une \u00e9tude Greenly r\u00e9\u00e9value son impact carbone \u00e0 la hausse - Licence K<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/licencek.com\/en\/2022\/11\/21\/coupe-du-monde-au-qatar-la-partie-immergee-et-tres-carbonee-de-liceberg-une-etude-greenly-reevalue-son-impact-carbone-a-la-hausse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Coupe du monde au Qatar, la partie immerg\u00e9e (et tr\u00e8s carbon\u00e9e) de l'iceberg : une \u00e9tude Greenly r\u00e9\u00e9value son impact carbone \u00e0 la hausse - Licence K\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La FIFA a annonc\u00e9 que la prochaine Coupe du monde au Qatar produirait au total 3,6 millions\u00a0de tonnes \u00e9quivalent CO2. 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